Gambaran Risiko Pajanan Infeksi pada Petugas Kesehatan di UGD dan Ruang Bersalin Dua Puskesmas Kota Luwuk Tahun 2026

Overview of Infection Exposure Risks among Healthcare Workers in the Emergency Departments and Delivery Rooms of Two Community Health Centers in Luwuk City, 2026

Abstract

Risiko pajanan infeksi pada petugas kesehatan merupakan salah satu masalah keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang masih menjadi perhatian di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan primer. Risiko ini timbul akibat kontak yang sangat tinggi dengan pasien, instrumen medis, serta cairan biologis tubuh melalui cedera benda tajam maupun percikan cairan tubuh infeksius dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis tindakan pelayanan serta kepatuhan prosedur pencegahan. Di wilayah kerja Puskesmas di Kota Luwuk, khususnya di Ruang UGD dan Ruang Bersalin Puskesmas Kampung Baru dan Puskesmas Simpong, tuntutan pelayanan medis dan keperawatan invasif harian berada pada tingkatan yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran risiko pajanan infeksi pada petugas kesehatan di Puskesmas di Kota Luwuk berdasarkan jenis tindakan pelayanan, penerapan kewaspadaan standar (standard precautions), dan kepatuhan penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni hingga Juli 2026. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh petugas kesehatan di Ruang UGD dan Ruang Bersalin Puskesmas Kampung Baru dan Puskesmas Simpong sebanyak 66 orang. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 66 responden yang diperoleh menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan observasi langsung dengan lembar ceklis terstandar, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan analisis univariat dan disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi serta persentase. Hasil analisis menunjukkan mayoritas petugas kesehatan berusia 25–34 tahun (66,7%), perempuan (80,3%), berpendidikan D3 (62,1%), profesi perawat (51,5%), dan masa kerja 5–10 tahun (53,0%). Sebanyak 100% petugas rutin melakukan tindakan pelayanan kategori risiko tinggi. Namun, penerapan standard precautions dan kepatuhan penggunaan APD mencapai 100% tidak berisiko. Kesimpulannya, meskipun seluruh petugas kesehatan secara rutin melakukan tindakan pelayanan yang berisiko menularkan infeksi, penerapan standard precautions dan kepatuhan penggunaan APD terpantau sangat baik pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan tersebut

The risk of infection exposure among healthcare workers remains a significant occupational health and safety concern in primary healthcare facilities. This risk arises from frequent contact with patients, medical instruments, and biological fluids occurring through sharps injuries or splashes of infectious bodily fluids and is heavily influenced by the nature of the services provided and adherence to prevention protocols. In the service areas of the Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) in Luwuk City specifically the Emergency Units and Delivery Rooms at Kampung Baru and Simpong Puskesmas the demand for daily invasive medical and nursing procedures is high. This study aimed to assess the risk of infection exposure among healthcare workers at these facilities, focusing on the types of services performed, the implementation of standard precautions, and adherence to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage. A descriptive study with a quantitative approach was conducted between June and July 2026. The study population comprised all 66 healthcare workers in the Emergency Units and Delivery Rooms of the Kampung Baru and Simpong Puskesmas; the entire population was included as the sample (total sampling). Data were collected through structured interviews and direct observation using standardized checklists, then analyzed descriptively (univariate analysis) and presented as frequency distributions and percentages. The results showed that the majority of healthcare workers were aged 25–34 (66.7%), female (80.3%), held a Diploma III (D3) degree (62.1%), were nurses (51.5%), and had 5–10 years of work experience (53.0%). While 100% of the staff routinely performed high-risk service procedures, adherence to standard precautions and PPE usage was consistently high (100% compliance). In conclusion, although all healthcare workers routinely perform procedures carrying a risk of infection transmission, adherence to standard precautions and PPE usage was observed to be excellent at these healthcare facilities.