Determinan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simpong Kabupaten Banggai

Determinants of Anemia among Pregnant Women in the Working Area of Simpong Community Health Center, Banggai Regency

Abstract

Berdasarkan data di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simpong, prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil menunjukkan peningkatan, yaitu 6,22% (31 dari 498 ibu hamil) pada 2023, 7,91% (39 dari 493 ibu hamil) pada 2024, dan 32,18% (93 dari 289 ibu hamil) pada 2025. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia dan faktor yang tetap berasosiasi setelah penyesuaian pada ibu hamil trimester II di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simpong Kabupaten Banggai. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi terjangkau terdiri atas 68 ibu hamil trimester II dan seluruhnya dijadikan sampel dengan teknik total sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan antara usia ibu (p=0,010), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,037), dan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe (p=0,001). Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat obstetri (p=0,113), kunjungan ANC (p=0,649), status KEK (p=0,874), dan status IMT (p=0,233) dengan kejadian anemia. Pada analisis multivariat, kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe tetap berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia (OR=5,580; 95% CI=1,726–18,039; p=0,004), sedangkan usia ibu (OR=2,498; 95% CI=0,788–7,922; p=0,120) dan tingkat pendidikan (OR=0,368; 95% CI=0,114–1,189; p=0,095) tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya pemantauan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe sebagai bagian dari upaya pencegahan anemia pada ibu hamil trimester II.

Based on data from the working area of Simpong Community Health Center, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women showed an increase, from 6.22% (31 of 498 pregnant women) in 2023, to 7.91% (39 of 493 pregnant women) in 2024, and 32.18% (93 of 289 pregnant women) in 2025. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with anemia and factors that remained associated after adjustment among second-trimester pregnant women in the working area of Simpong Community Health Center, Banggai Regency. This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The accessible population consisted of 68 second-trimester pregnant women, all of whom were included as the study sample using total sampling. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations of maternal age (p=0.010), educational level (p=0.037), and adherence to iron tablet consumption (p=0.001) with anemia. No significant associations were found between obstetric history (p=0.113), antenatal care (ANC) visits (p=0.649), chronic energy deficiency (CED) status (p=0.874), and body mass index (BMI) status (p=0.233) and anemia. In the multivariate analysis, adherence to iron tablet consumption remained associated with anemia (OR=5.580; 95% CI=1.726–18.039; p=0.004), whereas maternal age (OR=2.498; 95% CI=0.788–7.922; p=0.120) and educational level (OR=0.368; 95% CI=0.114–1.189; p=0.095) were not significantly associated with anemia. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring adherence to iron tablet consumption as part of anemia prevention efforts among second-trimester pregnant women.