Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat (TKBM) di Pelabuhan Penyeberangan Pagimana Tahun 2026

Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) Complaints among Cargo Loading and Unloading Workers at Pagimana Ferry Port in 2026

Abstract

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan kerja yang banyak dialami oleh tenaga kerja fisik berat seperti Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat (TKBM). Aktivitas manual material handling, beban berat, frekuensi pengangkatan, rendahnya kepatuhan APD, dan kurangnya olahraga diduga berkontribusi terhadap MSDs. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan keluhan MSDs pada TKBM di Pelabuhan Penyeberangan Pagimana Kabupaten Banggai Tahun 2026. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional ini melibatkan seluruh populasi TKBM sebanyak 32 orang yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Fisher's Exact (p = 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 87,5% responden mengalami keluhan MSDs. Mayoritas responden berada pada kategori manual material handling berisiko (81,3%), beban angkat berisiko (90,6%), tidak patuh APD (84,4%), tidak rutin berolahraga (75,0%), dan tidak memiliki riwayat penyakit (84,4%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara manual material handling (p=0,015), beban angkat (p=0,035), frekuensi pengangkatan (p=0,004), penggunaan APD (p=0,001), dan kebiasaan olahraga (p=0,002) dengan keluhan MSDs. Sebaliknya, riwayat penyakit tidak berhubungan signifikan (p=0,105). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa keluhan MSDs pada TKBM Pelabuhan Pagimana lebih banyak ditemukan pada faktor pekerjaan dan perilaku kerja dibandingkan riwayat penyakit. Disarankan adanya penerapan prinsip ergonomi, pembatasan beban angkat, peningkatan kepatuhan APD, pembiasaan olahraga, serta penguatan program K3 untuk menekan risiko MSDs.

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are a common occupational health issue among manual laborers performing heavy physical work, such as cargo loading and unloading workers (TKBM). Factors such as manual material handling activities, heavy loads, lifting frequency, low compliance with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use, and a lack of exercise are suspected to contribute to MSDs. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with MSD complaints among TKBM workers at the Pagimana Ferry Port, Banggai Regency, in 2026. This observational analytic study employed a cross-sectional design and involved the entire population of 32 TKBM workers, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), then analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods (Fisher's Exact test; p = 0.05). The results showed that 87.5% of respondents experienced MSD complaints. The majority of respondents fell into categories associated with high-risk manual material handling (81.3%), high-risk lifting loads (90.6%), non-compliance with PPE (84.4%), lack of regular exercise (75.0%), and no history of underlying medical conditions (84.4%). Bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association with manual material handling (p=0.015), lifting load (p=0.035), lifting frequency (p=0.004), PPE usage (p=0.001), and exercise habits (p=0.002). Conversely, medical history showed no significant association (p=0.105). It is concluded that MSD complaints among TKBM workers at Pagimana Port are influenced more by work-related factors and work behaviors than by medical history. Recommendations include implementing ergonomic principles, limiting lifting loads, improving PPE compliance, encouraging regular exercise, and strengthening Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) programs to mitigate the risk of MSDs.