Analisis Screen Time, Pola Asuh, dan Aktivitas Fisik terhadap IQ Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Analysis of screen time, parenting style, and physical activity on elementary school students’ IQ levels
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51888/phj.v7i1.416Keywords:
Screen time, pola asuh, aktivitas fisik, intelligence quotient (IQ), siswa sekolah dasarAbstract
Tingkat kecerdasan atau Intelligence Quotient (IQ) setiap individu bervariasi, berkembang seiring waktu, dan diasosiasikan oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperdalam pemahaman tentang pengaruh screen time, pola asuh, dan aktivitas fisik terhadap tingkat kecerdasan (IQ) murid sekolah dasar. Penelitian dilakukan di SDN 04 Bojongsari, sebuah sekolah dengan keterbatasan fasilitas di Kota Depok yang memiliki indeks pembangunan manusia yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian analitik kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Pengukuran nilai IQ 51 siswa yang dipilih secara purposive menggunakan Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT). Data screen time, pola asuh, dan aktivitas fisik dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square, dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas anak memiliki screen time tinggi (62,75%), pola asuh demokratis (86,28%), dan aktivitas fisik rendah (50,98%). Nilai IQ mayoritas berada pada kategori dibawah rata-rata, perbatasan dan defek (< 90 ) dengan total sebesar 54,90 %. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan screen time (p = 0,203), pola asuh (p = 0,236), dan aktivitas fisik (p = 0,180). Hasil uji multivariat juga menunjukkan screen time (OR = 2,317; p = 0,192), pola asuh (OR = 3,690; p = 0,259), dan aktivitas fisik (OR = 0,480; p = 0,236). Secara keseluruhan, setiap variabel tidak memiliki hubungan maupun pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tingkat kecerdasan (IQ). Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberi masukan agar upaya peningkatan kecerdasan lebih fokus pada faktor yang memang berpengaruh, menambah referensi bagi penelitian sebelumnya, serta mendorong penelitian lanjutan dengan melihat faktor lain yang mungkin memengaruhi IQ.
The level of intelligence or Intelligence Quotient (IQ) varies among individuals, develops over time, and is influenced by various factors. This study examines the influence of screen time, parenting style, and physical activity on the IQ of elementary school students. The research was conducted at SDN 04 Bojongsari, a school with limited facilities in Depok City, which has a relatively high Human Development Index (HDI). This quantitative analytic study used a cross-sectional design. IQ scores of 51 purposively selected students were measured using the Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT). Data on screen time, parenting style, and physical activity were collected through validated and reliable questionnaires. Data were analyzed using univariate methods, bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test, and multivariate logistic regression. Most students had high screen time (62.75%), democratic parenting (86.28%), and low physical activity (50.98%), The majority of IQ scores are in the below average, borderline and defect categories (< 90) with a total of 54.90%. Bivariate analysis showed screen time (p = 0.203), parenting style (p = 0.236), and physical activity (p = 0.180). Multivariate analysis similarly showed screen time (OR = 2.317; p = 0.192), parenting style (OR = 3.690; p = 0.259), and physical activity (OR = 0.480; p = 0.236). Overall, none of the variables demonstrated a significant relationship or effect on IQ. This study provides practical guidance for focusing IQ improvement efforts on more relevant factors, enriches the literature, and encourages further research exploring additional influences on intelligence.
References
Ayunani, N. (2023). Hubungan pola makan dan durasi bermain gadget dengan kegemukan pada siswa TK Islam Al-Azhar 03 Cirebon. Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang.
BPS. (2021). Berita Resmi Statistik No. 87/11/Th. XXIV. https://www.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2021/11/15/1846/indeks-pembangunan-manusia--ipm--indonesia-tahun-2021-mencapai-72-29--meningkat-0-35-poin--0-49-persen--dibandingkan-capaian-tahun-sebelumnya--71-94-.html
Goswami, P., & Parekh, V. (2023). The impact of screen time on child and adolescent development: A review. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 10(7), 1161–1165. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20231865
Hahnefeld, A., Fink, M., Le Beherec, S., Baur, M. A., Bernhardt, K., & Mall, V. (2025). Correlation of screen exposure to stress, learning, cognitive and language performance in children. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34(5), 1615–1624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02593-6
Hanifah, M. P., Nugrohowati, N., Savitri, P. M., & Kristanti, M. (2024). Korelasi status gizi TB/U dan pola asuh dengan kecerdasan intelektual peserta didik SDN 04 Bojongsari. Jurnal Medika Udayana, 13(9), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.24843/MU.2024.V13.i09.P15
Hasanah, H., Argarini, D., & Widiastuti, S. (2021). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas fisik anak usia sekolah di masa pandemi COVID-19. Nursing Inside Community, 4(1), 8–9.
Hassan, A., & Abbas, M. (2023). Analyzing the impact of sample size and population distribution on statistical test power. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 12(8), 2383–2390. https://doi.org/10.21275/SR23821121418
Henss, R. (2023). The intelligence of nations: National IQs update 2023. Qeios. https://doi.org/10.32388/6LBP4T
Kevin, D., & Amalia, Y. (2023). Pola asuh pengasuh alternatif berperan pada level kognitif dan maturasi sosial anak panti asuhan. Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas Unisma, 11(2), 1–9.
Khadem, A., Nadery, M., Noori, S., Ghaffarian-Ensaf, R., Djazayery, A., & Movahedi, A. (2024). The relationship between food habits and physical activity and the IQ of primary school children. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 43(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00522-6
Kristanti, M., Nugrohowati, N., Chairani, A., Kita, B., & Sibarani, A. R. A. (2025). The influence of nutritional status on the level of intelligence elementary-school children. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 20(2), 341–353. https://doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v20i2.2025.341-353
Luo, L., & Hodges, J. S. (2022). The age-period-cohort-interaction model for describing and investigating inter-cohort deviations and intra-cohort life-course dynamics. Sociological Methods and Research, 51(3), 1164–1210. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124119882451
Manfaatin, E., & Aulia, M. (2024). Pengaruh screen time terhadap perkembangan anak usia dini. Al-Muhadzab: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 1(1), 18–31.
Muppalla, S. K., Vuppalapati, S., Reddy Pulliahgaru, A., & Sreenivasulu, H. (2023). Effects of excessive screen time on child development: An updated review and strategies for management. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40608
Mwakalebela, F. S., Minja, E. G., Mwalugelo, Y. A., Killel, E., Rajab, R. K., Mollel, G. J., Mponzi, W., Masanja, H., Okumu, F. O., Lang, C., Gerber, M., Utzinger, J., Long, K. Z., Kosia, E. M., Elisaria, E., & Finda, M. F. (2025). Association between physical activity, nutritional status and cognitive performance among school children in southern Tanzania. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1552215
Nivins, S., Sauce, B., Liebherr, M., Judd, N., & Klingberg, T. (2024). Long-term impact of digital media on brain development in children. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63566-y
Nurhardini, D. (2017). Studi pendahuluan: Uji validitas konstruk Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT) dengan metode Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) di Pusdikbang SDM PERUM PERHUTANI Madiun. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.
Nurmasari, A. (2016). Hubungan intensitas penggunaan gadget dengan keterlambatan perkembangan pada aspek bicara dan bahasa pada balita di Kelurahan Tambakrejo Surabaya. Universitas Airlangga.
Patterson, M. W., Cheung, A. K., Mann, F. D., Tucker-Drob, E. M., & Harden, K. P. (2017). Multivariate analysis of genetic and environmental influences on parenting in adolescence. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(5), 532–541. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000298
Rahmadana, J. (2021). Pengaruh tingkat pendidikan orang tua terhadap prestasi belajar anak sekolah dasar. Jurnal WANIAMBEY: Journal of Islamic Education, 2(2), 69–78.
Raja, S. M., Elfaki, M. A., Ibrahim, A., Maroof, H., & Abdelrahim, A. (2025). The relationship between physical activity and academic achievement in medical students: A single-institution cross-sectional study in Sudan. BMC Medical Education, 25(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07985-z
Riany, Y. E., Cuskelly, M., & Meredith, P. (2018). Psychometric properties of parenting measures in Indonesia. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 22(2), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.1160118
Runesi, S., Johannes, M., Louk, H., Widhiya, A., Utomo, B., & Saputra, S. Y. (2024). Hubungan antara aktivitas fisik, fungsi kognitif, dan prestasi akademik siswa, 129–140.
Sari, D. N. (2024). Gambaran aktivitas fisik harian pada anak usia sekolah di wilayah Polokarto. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Sulastri, M. (2021). Hubungan pola asuh ibu dengan tingkat kecerdasan anak usia dini di RA An Najah Kota Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Mitra Kencana Keperawatan & Kebidanan, 5(1), 42–48.
Syumarti, A. T. (2022). Mengenal variabel perancu dalam penelitian dan cara mengontrolnya. https://elib.cicendoeyehospital.org/2022/03/29/mengenal-variabel-perancu-dalam-penelitian-dan-cara-mengontrolnya/
Tantawy, M., Yehia, Y., Ehab, S., Zakaria, M., Ramadan, E., & Ehab, A. (2025). Social media screen time and IQ among Egyptian undergraduates: A cross sectional study. Preprints.org, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202509.0889.v1
Todeti, P., & Yellamelli, P. (2024). Exploring the effects of screen time on cognitive development in children under five years: A critical analysis. International Journal of Academic Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, 635–640. https://doi.org/10.47009/jamp.2024.6.6.121
Veljkovic, K. (2024). Comparing confidence intervals for the mean of symmetric and skewed distributions. Symmetry, 16(11), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16111424
Yafis, A., Karuniawaty, T., & Aditya, P. (2024). Relationship between screen time and physical activity among adolescents across the COVID-19 pandemic. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 24(4), 228–238. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i4.7485
Yulianti, R., Dharmesti, A., Suwardi, D., & Sholihah, M. (2022). Faktor penghambat perkembangan intelektual anak di sekolah dasar. Indonesian Journal of Elementary and Childhood Education, 3(4), 513–518.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Faiz, Melly, Citra, Mila
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
